Commercial preparations of pesticides exert higher toxicity and cause changes at subcellular level in earthworm Eisenia andrei

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Lethal concentrations (LC₁₀, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) and 95% confidence levels of the investigated pesticide active ingredients and their respective commercial preparations to earthworm E. andrei for 48 h

Active ingredient	Conc. (µg/cm²)	Lower limit	Upper limit	Commercial preparation	Conc. (µg/cm²)	Lower limit	Upper limit
Thiacloprid				Calypso
LC₁₀	0.108	− 0.051	0.267	LC₁₀	0.013	0.010	0.017
LC₅₀	0.510^a	0.774	1.794	LC₅₀	0.032^b	0.027	0.036
LC₉₀	2.407	− 8.917	13.730	LC₉₀	0.075	0.046	0.103
Esfenvalerate				Sumialfa
LC₁₀	0.017	0.011	0.023	LC₁₀	0.015	− 0.0003	0.031
LC₅₀	0.032^a	0.026	0.040	LC₅₀	0.084^a	0.034	0.134
LC₉₀	0.063	0.035	0.090	LC₉₀	0.462	− 0.234	1.159
Dimethenamid-p				Frontier
LC₁₀	3.503	2.936	4.071	LC₁₀	1.387	0.863	1.912
LC₅₀	6.042^a	5.482	6.602	LC₅₀	2.524^b	1.954	3.095
LC₉₀	10.42	7.973	12.867	LC₉₀	4.593	1.867	7.319
Prosulfocarb				Filon
LC₁₀	5.138	2.197	8.073	LC₁₀	2.373	0.592	4.154
LC₅₀	12.464^a	7.257	17.671	LC₅₀	8.473^a	4.475	12.470
LC₉₀	30.256	− 3.313	63.826	LC₉₀	30.245	− 8.622	69.112