Table 7 Studies on the transformation of VMPs and biocides in liquid manure and similar matrices (excrements, biosolids, etc., as specified in the second last column)
Author (Year) | Substances | Substance class | TP | Initial concentration | DT50 | Mineralization | Manure (type and source) | Dry matter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akyol et al. (2016) [1] | Oxytetracycline | Tetracycline | + | 1.51–2.57 mg/L | 13–17 days | nd | Cattle (medicated, mixed excrements) | 4.0, 5.5 % |
Ali et al. (2013) [2] | Tylosin | Macrolide | − | 160 mg/L | nd (highly pH and Eh dependant) | nd | Cattle (spiked, mixed lagoon sediment) | 2.7 % |
Álvarez et al. (2010) [3] | Oxytetracycline (OTC), Chlortetracycline (CTC) | Tetracycline | + | 10, 50, 100 mg/L | 15.4–12.0 (OTC), 4.1–3.2 (CTC) days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | nd |
Angenent et al. (2008) [4] | Tylosin A | Macrolide | + | 5.8 mg/L (measured) | 2.49 h | nd | Pig (spiked, tank/ASBR) | nd |
Arikan (2008) [5] | Chlortetracycline | Tetracycline | + | 1.0 and 5.9 mg/L (buffer extraction, pH 4) | 18 days | nd | Pig (medicated, mixed excrements) | 5 % |
Arikan et al. (2006) [6] | Oxytetracycline | Tetracycline | + | 9.8 mg/L | 56 days | nd | Cattle (medicated, mixed excrements) | 5 % |
Bailey et al. (2016) [9] | Sulfadiazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline | Sulfonamide, tetracycline | − | Each 10 mg/L | nd | nd | Cattle (medicated, mixed excrements) | 5, 10, 15 % |
Blackwell et al. (2005) [11] | Oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) | Tetracycline, sulfonamide | − | 19.2 (OTC), 26.1 (SCP) mg/L | 79 (OTC), 127 (SCP) days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | 2 % |
Cetecioglu et al. (2013) [14] | Tetracycline | Tetracycline | − | Gradient: 1.65, 5.7, 8.5 mg/L | nd | nd | Synthetic (spiked, ASBR) | nd |
Grote et al. (2004) [21] | Chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfadiazine (SDZ), trimethoprim (TMP) | Tetracycline, sulfonamide | + | Up to: 87.5 (CTC), 498.9 (SDZ), 15.8 (TMP) mg/kg | nd | nd | Pig (medicated, “barrels”) | nd |
Harms (2006) [25] | 20 different substances | Tetracycline, sulfonamide, and others | − | Numerous, many not given | nd | nd | Pig (medicated and spiked, tank) | nd |
Heuer et al. (2008) [26] | Sulfadiazine (14C) | Sulfonamide | + | >80 mg/kg | nd (DT50 not reached) | <1 % | Pig (medicated, mixed excrements) | 6 % |
Höltge and Kreuzig (2007) [27] | Sulfamethoxazole, acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (each 14C) | Sulfonamide and metabolite | + | 3 mg/kg | nd | ≤1 % | Cattle (spiked, mixed excrements) | 13 % |
Huang et al. (2014) [29] | Chlortetracycline | Tetracycline | − | 0.55 mg/g | nd | nd | Pig (medicated, spiked, mixed excrements) | nd |
Joy et al. (2014) [32] | Bacitracin (BAC), chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL) | Polypeptide antibiotic, tetracycline, macrolide | + | 50 (BAC), 300 (CTC), 10 (TYL) mg/kg | 1.9 (BAC), 1 (CTC), 9.7 (TYL) d | nd | Pig (medicated, mixed excrements) | 0.84(BAC), 0.37(CTC), 0.89(TYL) % |
Kolz et al. (2005) [34] | Tylosin | Macrolide | + | 20 and 195 mg/L | DT90: 40–500 h | nd | Pig (spiked, lagoon water) | 1.5, 3.6 % |
Kreuzig (2010) [35] | Erythromycin (ERY), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), cyanamidea (CYN), imazalila (IMZ), (each 14C) | Macrolide, sulfonamide, biocide, imidazole | − | Only absolute radioactivity given; 0.1–0.2 MBq | nd | <0.1 % (ERY, SMZ); 28 % (CYN); nd for (IMZ) | Pig, cattle (spiked, mixed excrements) | 2.5, 5, 10 % |
Kreuzig and Höltge (2005) [38] | Sulfadiazine (14C) | Sulfonamide | − | 500 µg/kg | 17 days | 1 % | Cattle (spiked, mixed excrements) | 13 % |
Kreuzig et al. (2007) [36] | Fenbendazole (FEN), flubendazole (FLU), (each 14C) | Benzimidazole | + | 200 (FEN), 2500 (FLU) µg/kg | nd (DT50 not reached) | <0.6 % | Pig (spiked, mixed excrements) | 3–13 % |
Kreuzig et al. (2010) [37] | Imazalila (14C) | Imidazole | + | 4.3 and 4.5 mg/kg | >177 days | 0.1 % | Pig, cattle (spiked, mixed excrements) | 2.5, 5, 10 % |
Kuchta and Cessna (2009) [39] | Lincomycin (LIN), spectinomycin (SPN) | Antimicrobial | − | 38.7 (LIN), 387 (SPN) µg/L | nd | nd | Pig (spiked, lagoon water) | nd |
Kühne et al. (2000) [40] | Tetracycline | Tetracycline | + | 200 mg/L | 9 days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | nd |
Lamshöft et al. (2010) [41] | Difloxacin (DIF), sulfadiazine (SDZ), (each 14C) | Fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide | + | 17.1 ± 0.4 (DIF), 156.0 ± 4.2 (SDZ) mg/L | nd (DT50 not reached) | 0.2 % (DIF), 0.5 % (SDZ) | Pig (medicated, mixed excrements) | 3.3–6 % |
Li et al. (2011) [42] | Ceftiofur | β-Lactam antibiotic | + | 19.1 µmol/L | 1.7–41 (highly dependant on T and dilution ratio with water) | nd | Cattle (spiked, “water from farm”) | 1.1 % |
Loke et al. (2003) [45] | Oxytetracycline | Tetracycline | + | 2 and 30 mg/L | nd | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | nd |
Loke et al. (2000) [44] | Tylosin A | Macrolide | + | 5 mg/L | <2 days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | nd |
Mitchell et al. (2013) [49] | Ampicillin, florfenicol, sulfadimidine, tylosin | β-Lactam antibiotic, amphenicol, sulfonamide, macrolide | + | Each 0.001–1.0 mM/L | nd | nd | Cattle (spiked, mixed excrements) | 3–6 % |
Mohring et al. (2009) [50] | 8 Sulfonamides | Sulfonamide | + | 2–14 mg/kg | nd | nd | Pig (spiked, biogas plant) | 15.2 % |
Riemenschneider et al. (2014) [57] | Colistin | Polypeptide antibiotic | − | 1, 2, 5, 500 mg/kg | nd | nd | Pig and cattle (spiked, biogas plant) | 3–4 % |
Schlüsener et al. (2006) [59] | Erythromycin, roxithromycin, salinomycin, tiamulin | Macrolide, ionophore, pleuromutilin | + | 2 mg/kg | 6–>180 days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | nd |
Shelver and Varel (2012) [61] | Chlortetracycline | Tetracycline | + | >100 and >300 ng/L (only given in figures) | >21 days at 22 °C, <5 days at 38 and 55 °C | nd | Pig (medicated, mixed excrements) | nd |
Shi et al. (2011) [62] | Tetracycline, sulfamethoxydiazine | Tetracycline, sulfonamide | − | Each 25 and 50 mg/L | <12 h | nd | Pig (spiked, mixed excrements) | 10 % |
Stone et al. (2009) [64] | Chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL) | Tetracycline, macrolide | + | 28 (CTC), 1.1 (TYL) mg/L | nd | nd | Pig (medicated, manure) | nd |
Szatmári et al. (2011) [65] | Doxycycline | Tetracycline | − | 61.57 ± 14.26 mg/kg | 53 days | nd | Pig (medicated, manure) | nd |
Varel (2002) [67] | Carvacrola, thymola | Terpenoid | − | Each 6.7–16.75 mmol/L | nd | nd | Pig (spiked, mixed excrements) | nd |
Varel et al. (2012) [68] | Chlortetracycline (CTC), monensin (MON) | Tetracycline, ionophores | − | 5.9–8.3 (CTC), 0.3–0.74 (MON) mg/L | nd (DT50 not reached for MON) | nd | Pig, cattle (medicated, seed slurry and manure) | 4 % |
Wang et al. (2014) [72] | Tylosin | Macrolide | − | 12 mg/kg | nd | nd | Pig (medicated, spiked, mixed excrements) | nd |
Wang et al. (2015) [73] | Oxytetracycline | Tetracycline | + | 3746.39 mg/kg | 9.04 and 9.65 days | nd | Pig (medicated, spiked, mixed excrements) | 22 % |
Widyasari-Mehta et al. (2016) [76] | Doxycycline | Tetracycline | + | 51 and 20 mg/kg | 120 and 91 days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank, biogas plant) | 1.8 % |
Winckler and Grafe (2001) [78] | Tetracycline | Tetracycline | − | 20 and 100 mg/L | 55–105 days | nd | Pig (spiked, tank) | nd |
Zheng et al. (2012) [80] | 17-β-Estradiol, 17-α-estradiol, estrone | Hormone | + | Each 5 mg/L | nd | nd | Cattle (spiked, lagoon water) | nd |
Zheng et al. (2013) [81] | 17α-Estradiol-3-sulfate | Conjugate of a hormone | + | 5 mg/L | 23–724 days | nd | Cattle (spiked, lagoon water) | 1.2 % |