Table 4 Fluorchinolones found in manure
Substance | Reference | Matrix | Origin | Min | Max | Unit | Dry matter content, comments or quotation | n | n positive | % positive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ciprofloxacin | [51] | Pig manure | Japan | – | 0.006 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 5 | 1 | 20 |
[51] | Cattle manure after fermentation | Japan | 0.002 | 0.012 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 8 | 4 | 50 | |
[56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 0.070 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 3 | 9 | |
[58] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.180 | 0.620 | mg/kg (dw) | 1.2–28 % | 30 | 4 | 13 | |
[75] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.005 | 0.028 | mg/L (ww) | 1–2 % | 5 | 5 | 100 | |
[79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.490 | 45.590 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 44 | 31 | |
Danofloxacin | [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | 0.050 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 1 | 3 | |
[79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.080 | 3.060 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 39 | 27 | |
Difloxacin | [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.410 | 12.380 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 8 | 6 |
Enrofloxacin | [48] | Pig manure | Austria | 0.130 | 0.750 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid manure” (ns) | – | – | – |
[56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | 0.550 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 5 | 15 | ||
[58] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.130 | 0.750 | mg/kg (dw) | 1.2–28 % | 30 | 5 | 17 | |
[75] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.050 | 0.116 | mg/L (ww) | 1–2 % | 5 | 5 | 100 | |
[79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.330 | 1420.760 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 67 | 47 | |
Fleroxacin | [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.760 | 99.430 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 35 | 24 |
Levofloxacin | [51] | Pig manure | Japan | – | 0.003 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 5 | 1 | 20 |
[51] | Cattle manure after fermentation | Japan | 0.001 | 0.002 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 8 | 2 | 25 | |
Lomefloxacin | [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.610 | 44.160 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 45 | 31 |
Marbofloxacin | [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 0.050 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 3 | 9 |
Norfloxacin | [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.560 | 225.450 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 37 | 26 |
Ofloxacin | [28] | Pig and poultry manure | China | 0.450 | 3.870 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid swine manure” (ns) | 6 | 2 | 33 |
Orbifloxacin | [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 0.020 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 1 | 3 |
Sarafloxacin | [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 0.060 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 1 | 3 |