Fig. 1
From: Hybrid Bt cotton is failing in India: cautions for Africa
The Indian cotton system. A Changes in the types of cotton grown during 1954–2017, B national pesticide use (97% active ingredient) during 1955 to 2017 [8, 9] with the inset in B showing the relative changes in total insecticide applied for bollworm and hemipteran control during 2002 to 2013 [10], C the simulated relative dynamics of irrigated non-Bt cottons, D relative dynamics of pink bollworm, E relative dynamics of rainfed non-Bt cotton with the large bold arrow indicating infestation inoculum from irrigated cotton, and F daily precipitation (mm) in 1984. Panels C, D, and E are modified from physiologically based demographic models as driven by daily weather dynamics for the 1984 season (see [3, 4])