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Table 1 The ten criteria used to assess each agricultural tool in the rapid evidence assessment

From: Cost-effective approach to explore key impacts on the environment from agricultural tools to inform sustainability improvements: inversion tillage as a case study

Impact category

Assessed environmental criteria

Abiotic

Effects on soil (structure, erosion)

Effects on water quality (contamination)/ Water quantity (retention)

Effects on air quality

Effects on climate (Greenhouse gas emissions/Carbon sequestration/ Resilience)

Biotic

Effects on vertebrates

Effects on aquatic organisms

Effects on bees and other arthropods

Effects on earthworms

Effects on soil microorganisms

Effects on terrestrial plants