Fig. 5

Temporal projection of total annual invasion costs (a), recorded species per year with costs (b), and number of reported references in InvaCost v4.1 per year (c) using linear (left, in blue) and quadratic (right, in orange) robust regressions with their respective confidence intervals. Solid dots and lines represent trends without the inclusion of extreme values. Open circles and dashed lines represent the respective trends when including all data (i.e., including extreme values). Grey dots present data for 1960–1979 that we did not consider in the projection due to an absence of repeated measures of individual cost entries