Table 3 Indicators of assessing human health risks of Zn and Fe via dietary intake of radish (root) applied with PM, ZONPs, and/or IONPs. Values with different letters within a column are significantly different at 5% probability level

Control

7477 c

28,755 b

0.077 c

0.297 b

0.257 c

0.424 b

PM

7713 c

43,780 ab

0.079 c

0.452 ab

0.265 c

0.646 ab

ZONPs

6970 c

27,210 b

0.072 c

0.281 b

0.240 c

0.401 b

PM + ZONPs

9427 bc

46,230 ab

0.097 bc

0.477 ab

0.324 bc

0.682 ab

IONPs

10,403 bc

53,470 a

0.107 bc

0.552 a

0.358 bc

0.788 a

PM + IONPs

13,853 ab

59,258 a

0.143 ab

0.612 a

0.477 ab

0.874 a

ZONPs + IONPs

11,645 abc

54,318 a

0.120 abc

0.561 a

0.401 abc

0.801 a

PM + ZONPs + IONPs

15,855 a

61,153 a

0.164 a

0.631 a

0.546 a

0.902 a