Management of agricultural waste biomass as raw material for the construction sector: an analysis of sustainable and circular alternatives

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Main properties and parameters of the bio-based products

Properties	Parameter	References
Physical	Sorptivity Bulk density Microstructure Specific Gravity Drying shrinkage Apparent Porosity Water absorption	[5, 6, 15, 18, 22, 25, 33, 36, 51, 53, 56, 58, 60, 63, 64, 76, 77, 79, 80, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 103,104,105,106,107,108,109, 111, 113,114,115]
Mechanical	Durability Workability Flowability Flexural strength Tensile strength Impact strength Young’s modulus Thickness swelling Compressive strength	[5, 6, 15,16,17,18, 21, 22, 25,26,27, 29, 33, 51, 55, 56, 58, 60,61,62,63, 67, 69,70,71,72,73,74, 81, 87,88,89, 91,92,93, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108, 110, 112, 113, 115]
Chemical	Loss on ignition Chloride resistance Resistance to chloride Acid and sulphate resistance Heavy metals content/leaching toxicity	[6, 18, 26, 33, 36, 51, 53, 63, 77, 97]
Others	Mineralogical analysis Sound absorption Thermal conductivity High temperature resistance Thermogravimetric analysis	[5, 6, 16, 21,22,23, 29, 53, 55, 57, 58, 61, 63, 67, 72, 76, 77, 92, 97,98,99, 101,102,103,104,105,106, 108,109,110, 113]