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Table 8 CCEMG results

From: Economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus in heterogeneous countries: does education matter?

Variable

High income

Upper middle income

Lower middle income

Low income

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

CCMG results

 GDP

6.886*

8.213**

0.987**

− 0.420

− 20.41***

− 13.27***

− 24.44***

0.748

(3.655)

(4.010)

(0.484)

(4.677)

(2.319)

(1.822)

(3.083)

(3.041)

 GDP2

− 0.345*

− 0.408**

− 0.042

0.044

1.379

0.901***

1.919

0.055

(0.184)

(0.202)

(0.298)

(0.289)

(1.566)

(0.123)

(2.392)

(2.449)

 ENG

0.810***

− 4.227

1.037***

7.403***

0.839***

2.275

0.628***

2.462***

(0.102)

(6.329)

(0.056)

(0.634)

(0.084)

(2.891)

(0.134)

(0.290)

 EDU

0.168***

− 1.341***

− 0.483**

0.386

− 0.183**

− 1.199

− 0.570**

− 1.796

(0.023)

(0.258)

(0.228)

(0.402)

(0.077)

(0.957)

(0.192)

(1.905)

 ENG*EDU

 

− 1.077***

 

− 1.378***

 

0.298***

 

− 0.356

 

(0.361)

 

(0.372)

 

(0.061)

 

(0.652)

 Trend

0.013**

0.013**

0.007*

0.007**

0.022***

0.017**

0.044***

0.043***

(0.006)

(0.005)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.005)

(0.007)

(0.011)

(0.012)

  1. ***, **, and * indicate statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively