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Table 1 Air pollutants and atmospheric variables associated with the COVID-19 mortality rate (CM) by lag days in provinces in Spain (a) from Feb. 1, to May 31, 2020

From: Mortality due to COVID-19 in Spain and its association with environmental factors and determinants of health

Spanish provinces

CM

COVID-19 mortality rate (CM) by associated lag days (Lag)

Air pollutants

Atmospheric variables

PM10

NO2

Tmax

HA

A Coruña

2.23

(–)

(–)

(5)

(–)

Alacant/Alicante

2.11

(–)

(–)

(–)

(5)

Albacete

10.77

(11)

(2, 5)

(18)

(6, 9, 23, 28)

Almería

0.64

(0,3,28)

(22,27)

(–)

(–)

Araba/Álava

9.02

(20)

(2, 11)

(8)

(6, 16, 19, 22)

Asturias

2.68

(2, 19, 23)

(–)

(–)

(–)

Ávila

10.96

(1, 4, 10, 19, 22, 25, 27)

(–)

(14, 20)

(–)

Barcelona

6.88

(–)

(–)

(–)

(21)

Bizkaia

6.10

(–)

(–)

(–)

(21)

Burgos

6.09

(21)

(–)

(14, 16, 24)

(20)

Cádiz

1.01

(21)

(–)

(–)

(–)

Cantabria

3.00

(2)

(20)

(–)

(–)

Castelló/Castellón

3.06

(–)

(16)

(20)

(14, 18, 28)

Ciudad Real

17.91

(26)

(6, 13, 18, 28)

(25)

(–)

Cuenca

12.56

(12, 19, 22, 27)

(28)

(7, 15, 24)

(5, 18, 25)

Gipuzkoa

3.29

(16)

(–)

(14)

(–)

Guadalajara

7.47

(2)

(8, 11, 14, 16)

(25)

(–)

Huelva

0.71

(18, 22)

(16)

(14)

(20, 24)

Illes Balears

2.31

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

La Rioja

8.79

(0, 10, 12, 21, 27)

(–)

(7, 14, 19)

(–)

León

7.17

(24)

(4, 7, 8, 12)

(–)

(19)

Lugo

0.79

(21, 24)

(8)

(20, 24)

(8, 14)

Madrid

10.30

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

Málaga

1.43

(23, 25)

(13, 28)

(–)

(–)

Murcia

0.79

(–)

(15, 25)

(–)

(–)

Navarra

6.59

(2, 3, 15)

(–)

(–)

(–)

Ourense

3.42

(–)

(2, 7, 10)

(18)

(14)

Palencia

5.67

(25, 27)

(9)

(19, 24, 27)

(23)

Pontevedra

1.32

(–)

(21)

(25, 28)

(–)

Salamanca

12.36

(4, 7)

(4, 16, 22, 26)

(–)

(8)

Segovia

21.42

(20)

(3, 25)

(8)

(23, 24)

Sevilla

1.18

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

Soria

20.18

(9, 18, 21, 24)

(12)

(9, 19)

(13, 22, 24)

Tarragona

3.43

(5, 27)

(–)

(9, 15, 28)

(–)

Toledo

8.62

(–)

(0, 13, 16, 24)

(–)

(–)

València/Valencia

2.28

(27)

(–)

(–)

(27)

Valladolid

8.12

(3, 21)

(8, 14, 18)

(24)

(–)

Zamora

6.20

(20, 22)

(4, 7, 9, 11, 21)

(3)

(21, 26)

Zaragoza

6.01

(24, 27)

(14, 20)

(–)

(–)

Santa Cruz de Tenerife

0.96

(–)

(0, 13, 16, 19, 23)

(–)

(–)

Las Palmas

0.32

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

  1. aStudied provinces: 41 of 52; some provinces were not studied due to incomplete information
  2. (–) no association