Toxic effects of UV filters from sunscreens on coral reefs revisited: regulatory aspects for “reef safe” products

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Overview of UV filters and most sensitive observed effect levels of existing UV filter coral toxicity studies

UV filter^a	Species	Life stage	Test duration (d)	Effect level	Value (µg L⁻¹)	Reference
4MBC	Acropora sp.	Adult	2	LOEC	37 × 10^3b	[12]
BP3	Stylophora pistillata	Larvae	1	EC₅₀	17	[17]
BP4	Pocillopora damicornis	Larvae/Adult	14/7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000	[36]
BP4	Seriatopora caliendrum	Larvae/Adult	14/7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000	[36]
BEMT	Pocillopora damicornis	Adult	7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000^c	[79]
DBT	Pocillopora damicornis	Adult	7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000	[79]
EHT	Stylophora pistillata	Adult	35	LOEC	> 177^c	[28]
TDSA	Stylophora pistillata	Adult	35	LOEC	> 5030	[28]
DTS	Stylophora pistillata	Adult	35	LOEC	> 480	[28]
BMDM	Stylophora pistillata	Adult	35	LOEC	516^c	[28]
EHMC	Seriatopora caliendrum	Adult	7	LOEC	1000	[35]
EHS	Pocillopora damicornis	Adult	7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000	[79]
HMS	Pocillopora damicornis	Adult	7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000	[79]
MBBT	Pocillopora damicornis	Adult	7	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 1000^c	[79]
OCR	Stylophora pistillata	Adult	35	LOEC	1318^c	[28]
TiO2	Acropora sp.	Adult	2	EC₅₀/LOEC	> 6300	[10]
ZnO	Stylophora pistillata	Adult	35	LOEC	94	[28]

^aRefer to List of abbreviations section and Additional file 1: Table S1 of the supplementary material for full names of abbreviated UV filters
^bValue recalculated based on 33 µL L⁻¹ and a specific density of 1.108 g cm⁻³
^cSolvent used; value above known water solubility (WS)
EC₅₀, 50% effect concentration; LOEC, lowest observed effect concentration; n.d., not determined