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Table 3 Compilation of ecotoxicological effects studies potentially applicable for the ERA of VMPs used in aquaculture as mentioned in VICH GL 38 [56] and the EFSA "Guidance on the assessment of the safety of feed additives for the environment" [63]

From: Environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products intended for use in aquaculture in Europe: the need for developing a harmonised approach

Study type

Environmental compartment

Endpoint

Reference

TIER IIA

 Algal growth inhibition

Freshwater

EC50

[56]

 Daphnia immobilization

Freshwater

EC50

[56]

 Fish acute toxicity

Freshwater

LC50

[56]

 Algal growth inhibition

Saltwater

EC50

[56]

 Crustacean acute toxicity

Saltwater

EC50

[56]

 Fish acute toxicity

Saltwater

LC50

[56]

 Leptocheirus plumulosus (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Eohaustorius estuarius (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Ampelisca abdita (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Rhepoxynius abronius (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Corophium volutator (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Neanthes arenaceodentata (polychaete worm)

Saltwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Chironomus spp. (insect)

Freshwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Hexagonia spp. (insect)

Freshwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Hyalella azteca (crustacean)

Freshwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Diporeia spp. (crustacean)

Freshwater sediment

EC50

[63]

 Tubifex tubifex (oligochaete worm)

Freshwater sediment

EC50

[63]

TIER IIB

 Algal growth inhibition

Freshwater

NOEC/EC10

[56]

 Daphnia reproduction

Freshwater

NOEC/EC10

[56]

 Fish early life stage test

Freshwater

NOEC/EC10

[56]

 Sediment-water chironomid toxicity test

Freshwater

NOEC/EC10

[56]

 Sediment-water Lumbriculus toxicity test

Freshwater

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Chironomus spp. (insect)

Freshwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Hyalella azteca (crustacean)

Freshwater and saltwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Lumbriculus variegatus (oligochaete worm)

Freshwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worm)

Freshwater sediment and soil

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Myriophyllum aquaticum (vascular plant)

Freshwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Leptocheirus plumulosus (crustacean)

Freshwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Eohaustorius estuaries (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Ampelisca abdita (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Rhepoxynius abronius (crustacean)

Saltwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]

 Neanthes arenaceodentata (polychaete worm)

Saltwater sediment

NOEC/EC10

[63]