Table 3 Studies evaluating other nano-based materials’ performances than leaching by standard test methods
Nano-enabled product | Substrate | Standard tests for materials performances | Tested performance | Literature source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 NPs | Steel panels | ASTM D6037, ASTM D4060, ASTM D968 (resistance to abrasion), ASTM G154, ASTM B117 (artificial weathering), ASTM D523-14 (gloss) [61,62,63,64,65, 101] | Abrasion resistance, artificial weathering, gloss | Scrinzi et al. [102] |
ZrO2 NPs, nano clay | PFTE sheets | ASTM B117 (artificial weathering), ASTM D638 (tensile and flexural properties) [61, 67] | Mechanical, thermal and corrosion resistance | Mirabedini et al. [10] |
TiO2 and SiO2 NPs | Paperboard | ASTM D4060 (resistance to abrasion) [64] | Abrasion resistance | Stepien et al. [103] |
Yttria doped zirconia, Si glass, alumina titanate, nanoclay, Si NPs | No substrate | ISO 2812-2:2007 (permeability), ISO 2409:2007 (resistance to abrasion), ASTM D3359 (adhesion), ASTM D7136 (resistance to a falling weight), ISO 14125:1998 (tensile and flexural properties) [30, 66, 68, 104, 105] | Thermal, peeling, water, impact and flexural tension resistance | Luangtriratana et al. [69] |
SiO2 NPs | Concrete | ASTM C109/C109M (compressive strength), ASTM C1202 (rapid chloride penetrability), ASTM C1585 (rate of water absorption by hydraulic cement concrete) [106,107,108] | Mechanical properties and durability | Mahdikhani et al. [109] |
TiO2 NPs-PDMS coating | Thermally treated wood | ASTM G154 (artificial weathering) [62] | Water and UV-resistance | Shen et al. [110] |
SiO2 NPs | Poly(ether ketone) composites reinforced | ASTM G99-04 (wear resistance) [111] | Water-resistance, mechanical and thermal properties, tribological performances | Hou et al. [112] |
SiO2 NPs | Cement mortar | ASTM C230 (flow test for consistency); ASTM C191 (time of setting of hydraulic cement); ASTM C109 (compressive strength); NT BUILD 492 (chloride migration coefficient); ASTM C1585-04 (rate of water absorption by hydraulic cement concrete); ASTM C490 (length change of hardened cement paste, mortar and concrete) [106, 108, 113,114,115,116] | Mechanical properties (shrinkage measurements, compressive strength, water sorptivity, cement hydration, flow ability, setting times and rapid chloride migration coefficient) | Kooshafar and Madani [117] |
SiO2 NPs | Denim fabric | ASTM D1388 (stiffness of fabric); ISO 9237:1995 (determination of permeability of fabrics to air) [118, 119] | Self-cleaning features, air permeability, hydrophilicity, flame retardant, shrinkage, bending rigidity and tensile strength of the fabrics | Talebi and Montazer [120] |
SiO2 NPs | Glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites | ASTM D3039/D3039M (tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials); ASTM D7264/D7264M (flexural properties of polymer matrix composite materials) [121, 122] | Permeability, tensile strength, bending resistance performance | Zhang and Mi [123] |