Table 5 Combined application of remediation technologies
Combined remediation technique | Technique principle |
|---|---|
Surface water | |
Ecological restoration—aeration | Aeration could improve the DO contents of polluted black-odor rivers to a certain extent, and had a significant effect on the transformation of all forms of N as well as the microbial activity |
Ecological floating bed—biofilm | Make full use of water vertical space, and provide more attaching surface area for microorganisms |
Ecological revetment—ecological floating bed | The ecological revetment intercepts a large amount of non-point source pollution carried by rainwater when it flows into the river, and the ecological floating bed further remediation river pollution |
Groundwater | |
Bioremediation coupled with nZVI | The corrosion of nZVI creates a suitable reducing environment for the growth of anaerobic bacteria and supplies electrons to the hydrogenotrophic bacteria and enhances the removal efficiency of pollutants |
UV/H2O2 photo-oxidation—aeration | Volatilization, co-precipitation and biodegradation contributed to organic compounds removal during the combined remediation process |
Bioelectroremediation | The combination of anodic and cathodic redox environments with microbial metabolism paves the way for the development of a variety of intriguing and beneficial removal pathways |
Soil | |
Phyto—microorganism | Microorganisms promote the extraction of heavy metals by plants and enhance the removal of heavy metals in the sediment; The compartmentalization of heavy metals in microbial cells, chelation, and fixation of metabolites can reduce the ability of heavy metals to migrate |
Phyto—stabilizing agent | The chemical stabilizing agent can change the existing forms of heavy metals in the through adsorption or coprecipitation, improves the effect of phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted sites |
Soil washing—effluent oxidation | The surfactant was selected as washing agents to extract pollutant from contaminated soil samples. After washing, the effluent containing surfactant and pollutants was collected further degradation treatment using effluent oxidation technique |
Soil washing—freeze–thaw | Destroy the original structure of soil particles by freeze–thaw, help the eluent fully interact with pollutants, and thus improve washing efficiency |