Table 2 Key recommendations to improve the sustainability of polyester garments during the production phase of the value chain. GHG = greenhouse gas

Inputs

Phase out fossil fuels as source of energy

Strict taxes on GHG emissions

Discontinue buying/selling quotas on GHG emissions

Discontinue subsidies for use of fossil fuels

Incentivize use of renewable energy

Phase out fossil fuels as source of materials

Prioritize recycled PET pellets for production of new polyester fibers

Further investigate the environmental impacts, safety and economic feasibility of:

  Renewable monomers ethylene glycol and TPA for the production of PET pellets

  Renewable polyesters such as polylactic acid

  Renewable dyes and other chemicals

Optimize and upscale the use of renewable feedstock

Consider materials other than polyesters that may be more sustainable

Reduce water consumption

Prioritize dyeing/printing methods that require less water

Encourage water recycling

Outputs

Reduce water pollution

Impose wastewater treatment

Reduce microfiber release

Prioritize compact yarn structures (high twist, longer filaments)

Prioritize thermal cutting methods

Reduce waste

Improve management of chemical residues

Smart design through digital tools to reduce cut-out pieces

Recycle cut-outs back into the supply chain

Design

Design for durability and recyclability

Work with high-quality materials for durable clothing

Discontinue use of hazardous chemicals and dyes to increase recyclability

Avoid blends when possible to increase recyclability

Transport

Supply chain optimization

Shorten the supply chain

Implement traceability through digitalization

Reduce oil, chemical and polymer pellet spills

Retail

Make the purchase of sustainable clothes easier

Implement strict eco-labeling

Include reuse and recycled garments in regular stores

Place retail stores at accessible locations

New business models

System based on pre-orders

Fashion as a service (subscription or pay-per-use)