Fig. 1

Conceptual framework for exposome studies (top panel), and elements for estimation of multiple environmental exposures against chemicals (bottom panel). Estimation of multiple external human exposures approached from analysis of exposure sources, social environment, exposure pathways, behavioral patterns and immission samplers. Indoor and outdoor environments are often separated in these efforts. Internal body burdens are analyzed in individual or population-based biosamples, such as blood. Typical analytical techniques are indicated in the white egg shapes. All approaches cover different aspects of a comprehensive exposome with regard to aggregation level, spatio-temporal characterization or indication of biological impact