In situ pilot application of nZVI embedded in activated carbon for remediation of chlorinated ethene-contaminated groundwater: effect on microbial communities

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Summary of qPCR results for changes in the relative abundance of biomarkers following nZVI–AC injection (day 0)

Well	Time before and after nZVI–AC injection (days)
14/04	− 6	1	6	35	85
16S rRNA	++	+++	+++	++	+
Desulfitobacterium	+++	+++	+++	++	+
Dehalobacter	++	+++	+++	++	+−
Dehalococcoides	ND	ND	ND	ND	+
vcrA	ND	ND	ND	ND	+
bvcA	ND	ND	ND	ND	+++
Dehalogenimonas	++	+	+−	+−	+−
Gallionella	+	+	+	+	++
Geobacter	++	++	+++	+++	+
etnC	+++	++	+++	+++	+
etnE	+++	++	+++	++	+−
*CMT 1*
16S rRNA	+	++	++	++	++
Desulfitobacterium	+	++	+++	+++	+++
Dehalobacter	++	+++	++	++	+++
Dehalococcoides	+++	+++	++	+++	+++
vcrA	ND	++	ND	+++	ND
bvcA	ND	+++	ND	ND	++
Dehalogenimonas	+++	+++	++	++	+++
Gallionella	++	+++	++	++	+++
Geobacter	+	+++	++	+	+++
etnC	+	+	+	+−	+
etnE	+	+−	+	+−	+−
*CMT 2*
16S rRNA	+	+	+	++	+
Desulfitobacterium	+	+	+++	+	+++
Dehalobacter	+	++	+	+	++
Dehalococcoides	+	+	+−	+	+
vcrA	++	ND	ND	+	++
bvcA	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Dehalogenimonas	+	++	+	+	+
Gallionella	+	++	++	+++	++
Geobacter	+	+	+	+	+
etnC	+−	+−	+−	+−	+−
etnE	+	+++	+	+v	++

Calculations were based on Cp values, with +++ = high abundance; ++ = medium abundance; + = low abundance; +− = at detection limit; ND = not detected