Broadening the GMO risk assessment in the EU for genome editing technologies in agriculture

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Examples of genome editing in farm animals for increased productivity

Animal	Target	Trait	Technological specification	References	Off-target analysis
Cow	Myostatin (MSTN) gene knockout	Enhanced muscle growth	TALENs (SDN-1)	[222]	No analysis of OTEs
Sheep	MSTN gene knockout	Enhanced muscle growth	CRISPR/Cas9 (SDN-1)	[223]	Biased, screened 17 predicted off-target sites: no OTEs detected
			TALENs (SDN-1)	[222]	No analysis of OTEs
			CRISPR/Cas9 (SDN-1)	[224]	Biased, screened 7 predicted off-target sites: 2 OTEs detected
Goat	MSTN gene knockout	Enhanced muscle growth	CRISPR/Cas9 (SDN-1)	[225]	Abnormal sugar, fat and protein metabolism
Pig	MSTN gene knockout	Enhanced muscle growth	TALENs (SDN-1)	[226]	No analysis of OTEs
Sheep	Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5) gene knockout	Increased wool and hair length	CRISPR/Cas9 (SDN-1)	[227]	Biased, screened 3 predicted off-target sites: no OTEs detected
Goat	FGF-5 gene knockout	Increased wool and hair length	CRISPR/Cas9 (SDN-1)	[228]	No analysis of OTEs

Target genes, traits, and the genome editing technique used to create genome-edited farm animals with increased muscle mass growth or wool/hair length are shown. The respective references were also screened for the analysis of off-target effects
CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9; SDN-1, site-directed nuclease-1; TALENs, transcription activator-like effector nucleases; OTEs, off-target effects