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Table 1 Mean grain size in mm and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), classification according to DIN EN ISO 14688-1 [66] and mean and standard deviation of percentage loss on ignition according to DIN 38414-3 [67] of sediment samples from the reference sites (H1-H3R, N1-N2R), restoration sites (H4, N3-N5) and transect sites (H5-H9, N6-N9) at the river Horloff in March 2017 and at the river Nidda in May 2017

From: Poison in paradise: increase of toxic effects in restored sections of two rivers jeopardizes the success of hydromorphological restoration measures

Sampling site

Mean grain size in mm [95% CI]

Classification according to DIN EN ISO 14688-1

Mean loss on ignition in % [± SD]

Horloff

 H1

0.127 [0.090–0.164]

Fine sand

8.45 ± 0.16

 H2

0.077 [0.063–0.091]

Fine sand

14.1 ± 0.47

 H3R

0.154 [0.144–0.195]

Fine sand

10.9 ± 0.28

 H4

0.204 [0.135–0.273]

Medium sand

11.2 ± 0.20

 H5

0.135 [0.099–0.171]

Fine sand

11.3 ± 0.08

 H6

0.186 [0.114–0.259]

Fine sand

14.5 ± 0.24

 H7

0.072 [0.056–0.089]

Fine sand

8.72 ± 0.05

 H8

0.153 [0.108–0.197]

Fine sand

10.5 ± 0.25

 H9

0.234 [0.153–0.315]

Medium sand

12.3 ± 0.06

Nidda

 N1

0.562 [0.335–0.789]

Medium sand

5.18 ± 0.16

 N2R

0.158 [0.116–0.200]

Fine sand

10.8 ± 0.19

 N3

0.178 [0.127–0.221]

Fine sand

8.70 ± 0.17

 N4

0.253 [0.186–0.319]

Medium sand

9.40 ± 0.34

 N5

0.386 [0.258–0.513]

Medium sand

10.1 ± 0.11

 N6

0.317 [0.193–0.441]

Medium sand

6.00 ± 0.12

 N7

0.270 [0.170–0.370]

Medium sand

9.96 ± 0.11

 N8

0.441 [0.291–0.591]

Medium sand

10.6 ± 0.25

 N9

0.226 [0.158–0.294]

Medium sand

8.08 ± 0.14