Pesticide contamination and associated risk factors at public playgrounds near intensively managed apple and wine orchards

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 4 Medians, interquartile ranges (in parentheses) and maxima (italics) of pesticide concentrations (mg kg⁻¹ wet weight)

Pesticides and pesticide classes	Isarco valley (n = 4)	Adige valley (n = 8)	Low Adige (n = 4)	Venosta (n = 16)	p-value (n = 32)^a	p-value (N = 71)^b
Pesticide concentration	0.084 (0.061–0.116) 0.163	0.024 (0.012–0.032) 0.048	0.186 (0.061–0.734) 2.024	0.032 (0.014–0.053) 0.375	0.014	0.025
	Post hoc test	Adige valley: Low Adige			0.047
Insecticide concentration	0 (0–0.006) 0.023	0.006 (0–0.018) 0.019	0.159 (0.055–0.663) 1.9	0.016 (0.013–0.03) 0.069	0.026	0.008
	Post hoc test	Adige valley: Low Adige			0.049
Fungicide concentration	0.72 (0.041–0.116) 0.163	0.006 (0–0.148) 0.028	0.027 (0–0.072) 0.124	0.013 (0–0.02) 0.325	0.061	0.027
Pesticides with endocrine activity	0.025 (0.00–0.135) 0.135	0.02 (0.0–0.03) 0.039	0.168 (0.054–0.684) 1.933	0.032 (0.014–0.053) 0.375	0.096	0.005
Concentrations of most abundant pesticides
Phosmet	0 (0–0) 0	0.006 (0–0.018) 0.019	0 (0–0.009) 0.036	0.015 (0.013–0.03) 0.069	0.043	< 0.001
	Post hoc test	Isarco valley: Venosta		0.014
Fluazinam	0.007 (0–0.041) 0.12	0.006 (0–0.015) 0.028	0.009 (0–0.022) 0.033	0.013 (0–0.02) 0.26	0.903	0.048
Penthiopyrad	0.036 (0.018–0.056) 0.1	0 (0–0) 0	0 (0–0.009) 0.036	0 (0–0) 0.011	0.001	< 0.001
	Post hoc test	Isarco valley: Adige valley			< 0.001
		Isarco valley: Low Adige			0.025
		Isarco valley: Venosta			< 0.001

Contaminated playgrounds (N = 32) are stratified for the four investigated valleys. Post hoc test for n = 32
^aKruskal–Wallis test with post hoc pairwise test for multiple comparisons of mean rank sums (Nemenyi-tests)
^bIncluding all sampling sites (n = 71)