A unified approach for including non-extractable residues (NER) of chemicals and pesticides in the assessment of persistence

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Some examples of conditions to remove extractable fractions from environmental matrices to obtain non-extractable residues

Analyte	Matrix	Solvents and methods to remove extractable fractions	References
Cyprodinil	Soil	Methanol	[35, 45, 71,72,73]
Simazine	Compost	Methanol:water 9:1 (v:v)	[33]
Sulfadiazine	Soil	Ethanol:water 9:1 (v:v), Soxhlet	[46, 61]
MCPA	Soil, clay	Methanol; dichloromethane, Soxhlet	[74]
Nonylphenol	Soil, clay	Methanol; dichloromethane, Soxhlet	[36]
Nonylphenol	Soil	Methanol and ethylacetate	[75]
Difloxacin	Soil	Ethylacetate:methanol:water:ammonia 63:25:9:3 (v:v:v:v), ASE	[44]
Metalaxyl	Soil, sand, silt, clay	Methanol, Soxhlet	[76]
Clodinafop-propargyl	Sediment	Acetonitrile, Soxhlet	[77]
3,4-Dichloroaniline	Sediment	Methanol	[78]
Isoproturon	Soil	Methanol, ASE	[79]
Tetrabromobisphenol A	Soil	Methanol; methanol and ethylacetate	[80,81,82]
Phenanthrene	Soil	Dichloromethane and acetone	[83]
Cypermethrin	Soil	Acetonitrile + water 7 + 3 (v + v)	[84]
Cypermethrin	Soil	Cyclohexane:acetone, 1:1 (v:v)	[8]
Ciprofloxacin	Soil	Ethylacetate, methanol, ammoniumhydroxide, ASE	[85]
Imidacloprid	Soil	Methanol, water, HCl, Soxhlet	[86]
Imidacloprid	Soil	Acetonitrile, water, MAE	[87]
Carbendazim	Soil	Methanol, Soxhlet	[88]
Isoproturon	Soil	Acetone, Soxhlet	[89]
Metalaxyl	Soil	Acetonitrile, water, ASE	[90]