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Table 1 Overview of sampling sites in the Nidda catchment area, including the evaluation based on obtained significances

From: The importance of sediments in ecological quality assessment of stream headwaters: embryotoxicity along the Nidda River and its tributaries in Central Hesse, Germany

Sampling code

Coordinates

Description

Significances (%)

Category

Nidda

 N1

50°27′11″N 9°02′20″E

Reference site; downstream the Nidda river dam

37.5

Poor

  N2.1

50°26′40″N 9°01′57″E

Directly downstream the point of efflux of the industrial discharger

26.7

Moderate

  N2.2

50°26′36″N 9°01′47″E

Approximately 250 m downstream of N2.1

40.0

Poor

  N2.3

50°26′29″N 9°01′43″E

Approximately 500 m downstream of N2.1

40.0

Poor

  N2.4

50°26′26″N 9°01′34″E

Approximately 700 m downstream of N2.1

20.0

Moderate

 N2

50°25′51″N 9°01′20″E

Downstream an industrial discharger

45.0

Poor

 N3

50°23′09″N 8°58′25″E

Downstream a class-IV WWTP (35,000 pe)

45.0

Poor

 N4

50°19′41″N 8°52′32″E

Downstream a class-III WWTP (7500 pe)

10.0

Good

 N5

50°19′08″N 8°51′28″E

Downstream the afflux of the tributary Horloff

10.0

Good

 N6

50°16′42″N 8°47′08″E

Downstream a class-IV WWTP (30,000 pe), a class-III WWTP (7000 pe), four renaturalised river sections and the afflux of the Usa/Wetter tributary

0.0

Very good

Horloff

 H1

50°31′12″N 9°02′36″E

Reference site; no direct dischargers upstream

36.7

Poor

 H2

50°30′52″N 8°57′00″E

Downstream several class-I WWTPs (< 1000 pe)

41.7

Poor

  H2.1

50°30′42″N 8°56′42″E

Approximately 500 m downstream of H2

46.7

Poor

  H2.2

50°30′37″N 8°56′33″E

Approximately 750 m downstream of H2

26.7

Moderate

  H2.3

50°30′18″N 8°56′24″E

Approximately 1400 m downstream of H2

40.0

Poor

  H2a oh

50°26′22″N 8°53′58″E

Upstream a class-IV WWTP

46.7

Poor

  H2a uh1

50°26′15″N 8°53′53″E

Directly downstream the point of discharge of the class-IV WWTP (78,000 pe)

26.7

Moderate

  H2a uh2

50°26′05″N 8°53′48″E

Approximately 350 m downstream H2a uh1

60.0

Very poor

  H2a uh3

50°24′52″N 8°54′10″E

Approximately 2650 m downstream H2a uh1, following a conservation area

53.3

Poor

  H2a uh4

50°24′40″N 8°54′01″E

Approximately 3000 m downstream H2a uh1

40.0

Poor

 H3

50°24′49″N 8°54′09″E

Downstream the class-IV WWTP (78,000 pe)

40.0

Poor

 H4

50°23′57″N 8°53′56″E

Between two renaturalised river sections

25.0

Moderate

Usa

 U1

50°19′01″N 8°31′26″E

Reference site; no direct discharger upstream

20.0

Moderate

 U2

50°22′48″N 8°42′45″E

Downstream a class-IV WWTP (50,000 pe)

20.0

Moderate

 U3

50°21′32″N 8°44′39″E

Within a renaturalised area in the city centre of Bad Nauheim

30.0

Moderate

 U4

50°20′09″N 8°46′16″E

Downstream two class-IV WWTPs (43,800/47,500 pe), and (medical) spa water discharges

15.0

Good

  1. With regard to the classification scheme of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the ecological condition of surface waters, a five class system derived. Percent limits were set by the authors. Categories apply as followed: very good 0% significances, good ≤ 15% significances, moderate ≤ 30% significances, poor ≤ 50% significances, very poor > 50% significances. An endpoint would be regarded as significant if at least two out of three runs showed statistically significant differences for a single endpoint. Those significances were summed up and related to the maximum number of significances possible for one sampling site. Main sampling sites are marked in italics
  2. WWTP waste water treatment plant, pe people equivalents