Dioxin in the Elbe river basin: policy and science under the water framework directive 2000–2015 and toward 2021

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 5 Summary of low and high-range unit costs of AC application (Patmont et al. [21])

Component	Low-range unit cost	High-range unit cost
Activated carbon^a	$50,000/hectare	$100,000/hectare
Facilitating AC placement using binder/weighting agents^b	$0/hectare	$70,000/hectare
Facilitating AC placement by blending with Sediment or sand^b	$0/hectare	$100,000/hectare
Field placement	$30,000/hectare	$200,000/hectare
Long-term monitoring	$20,000/hectare	$100,000/hectare^c
Total	$100,000/hectare	$500,000/hectare

Estimated costs for a 4 % AC dose (dry weight basis) over the top 10 cm-sediment layer at a 5-hectare site
^aPowdered activated carbon (PAC) and/or granular activated carbon (GAC), depending on site-specific designs
^bTo facilitate AC placement, binder or weighing amendment such as SediMite^R or AquaGate™, or clean sediment or sand (but typically not both) may be required in some applications depending on site-specific conditions and designs
^cHigh-end monitoring costs of $100,000 per hectare reflects prior pilot projects and likely overestimates costs for full-scale remedy implementation