Estrogenic activity in drainage water: a field study on a Swiss cattle pasture

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Estimated annual oestrogen load in Switzerland (2007) from excreta of humans and three common livestock animals

Species	Excretion of oestrogens (mg/individual/year)	Number of individuals	Annual oestrogen load (kg/year)	Share (%)
Cows	110^c	708,340^a	77.9	43
Pigs	43^c	1,573,090^a	67.6	37
Sheep	8.4^c	443,584^a	3.7	2
Humans	4.38^d	7,593,500^b	33.3	18

^aFrom Bundesamt für Statistik [36]
^bFrom Bundesamt für Statistik [47]
^cAfter [25] (cycling females)
^dCalculated from estimated average excretion of 12 μg/person/day (sum of E1, E2 and E3, pregnant women excluded), after Table two of [48]