Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Percentage variation of parameters indicating kidney failures of femaleanimals

Discriminant variables		GMO 11%	GMO 22%	GMO 33%	GMO 11% + R	GMO 22% + R	GMO 33% + R	R (A)	R (B)	R (C)
Gonadal hormones	Estradiol	5	−2	−25	8	−1	2	−26	− 73^a	39
	Testosterone	56^a	17	81	5	−9	27	97^a	− 72^a	10
Serum decrease or increase	Na	−1	− 4^a	− 6^a	2	1	1	−7	0	−3
	Cl	−5	−7	− 6^a	−1	−2	−2	− 8^a	−1	−4
	P	−17	− 18^a	− 20^a	−6	−11	−13	− 32^a	−9	−13
	K	2	−4	0	4	5	10	−4	8	− 5^a
	Ca	2^a	−2	− 5^a	4	3	3	−6	3	− 6^a
Urinary increase	Urea	15	12	−1	12	18^a	15	0	13	32^a
	Na	52	−2	95^a	25	33	30	62^a	65	91^a
	Na ex	50	24	125^a	24	50	68	108^a	51	7
	Cl	46	5	101^a	14	35	28	67^a	56	94^a
	Cl ex	51	31	138^a	20	63	70	121^a	48	13
Urinary decrease	Clearance	− 20^a	− 20^a	−19	−4	−11	−20	− 20^a	− 24^a	− 40^a
	Creatinine	−19	−37	− 36^a	−5	− 32^a	− 37^a	−43	−23	−1
	Creatinine ex	−18	− 17^a	−21	−5	−11	− 19^a	− 21^a	− 22^a	− 39^a

OPLS-DA was performed on 48 variables at month 15. Here, we show meandifferences (%) of variables (^adiscriminant at 99% confidencelevel) indicating kidney parameters of female animals, together with sexhormones. Male kidney pathologies are already illustrated inFigure 1.