From: Electric cars: technical characteristics and environmental impacts
Battery type | Active chemical components | Energy density (Wh/kg) | Costs (Euro/kWh) | Cars (examples) |
Lead-acid | Pb/PbO2 | 30 to 35a | up to 100d | GM EV1 (1996 to 1999), REVA |
H2SO4 | 10 to 40b | 100 to 150a | ||
Nickel metal hydrides (NiMH) | various alloys, as e.g., LaNdNiCoSi | 60 to 70a | 300 to 350a | Toyota RAV4EV-I (1997-2003), Toyota Prius I-III |
80c | ||||
50 to 105b | ||||
Zebra | NaCl-Ni | 150c | 500e | Th!nk City, Smart EV, Smith Electric Vehicles |
80 to 120b | ||||
Lithium-ion | Li-Ni-Co-Al | all types of chemistry: 120 to 150a | 500 to 750f | Th!ink City, Mitsubishi I-MiEV, GM Volt/Opel Ampera, Nissan Leaf, Tesla |
Li-Ni-Mn-Co | 500 to 1,000g | |||
LiMn2O4 | Â | |||
Li-titanate | 85 to 160b | Â | ||
LiFePO4 | 370h (cells only) | |||
Li-Polymer (LiPo) | Â |