Endocrine disruptor screening: regulatory perspectives and needs

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 US-EPA's tier 1 Battery, and modes of action detected

	Direct Receptor Mediated				Steroidogenesis
	E ^a	Anti-E ^a	A ^a	Anti-A ^a	E-production ^a	A-production ^a	HPG-Axis ^b	HPT-axis ^c
In Vitro
ER Binding^e	X	X^e
ERα TA	X
AR Binding^e			X	X
Steroidogenesis H295R					X	X
Aromatase Recombinant^f					X
In Vivo
Uterotrophic^g	X
Hershberger^h			X	X		X
Pubertal male^h			X	X		X	X	X
Pubertal female^g	X	X^e			X		X	X
Amphibian Metamorphosisⁱ								X
Fish short-term reproduction^j	X	X^e	X	X	X	X	X

^aEstrogen and androgen; ^bhypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; ^chypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis; ^destrogen and androgenreceptor binding; ^eassays are expected to detect anti-estrogens, but this was not established during the validation process since no estrogen receptor antagonists were tested; ^frecombinant aromatase assay; ^gfemale rat; ^hmale rat; ⁱamphibian metamorphosis assay; ^jreproduction test with male and female fish. Modified after http://www.epa.gov/endo/pubs/assayvalidation/tier1battery.htm.