Skip to main content
Fig. 7 | Environmental Sciences Europe

Fig. 7

From: Much effort, little success: causes for the low ecological efficacy of restoration measures in German surface waters

Fig. 7

Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Mean and standard error of the mean of the percentage mortality (a) and mean and standard deviation of the embryo number in the brood pouch (b) after 28 days of exposure in the active biomonitoring campaigns at the river Horloff. Dashed arrows mark the outflow of the last of the four small wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) upstream of site 5 in the upper reach of the Horloff and of the WWTP Wölfersheim downstream of site 19. The solid arrow marks the outflow of the large WWTP Hungen-Utphe downstream of site 14. Hatched bar: reference site 16 in the space-for-time-substitution approach to account for differences to the site 18 within the restoration section (dark green bar) and to transect sites (light green bars) downstream of the restoration section. Asterisks indicate significant differences to reference site 16 (Fisher’s exact test in a, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test in b; ⋆: p < 0.05; ⋆⋆: p < 0.01; ⋆⋆⋆: p < 0.001)

Back to article page