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Table 1 Summary of activities, type of emissions and RBSPs considered in the analysed court cases

From: The potential of the EU Water Framework Directive for reducing emissions of pollutants is limited: a case study on river basin specific pollutants in Swedish environmental permitting processes

  1. Types of outcomes in court proceeding are indicated with F = final conditions (emission limit values), P = provisional conditions (emission limit values), I = inquiry, C = counterpart mentioned or claimed. Substances addressed were Zn = zinc, Cu = copper, U = uranium, As = arsenic, Cr = chromium, NH3–N = ammonium nitrogen, NO3–N = nitrate nitrogen, RBSP = river basin specific pollutants in general, BPA = bisphenol A, EE2 = 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol, PFAS11 = sum of 11 PFAS, pharma/biocides = pharmaceuticals and biocides mentioned without specification, P, B, ecotox, endocrine = persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic to aquatic organisms and endocrine disruptors. Note that permit proceedings #15 and #16 were handled together in court