Table 1 Mean ± standard deviation and range (in parenthesis) of phthalate ester concentrations (μg/kg, ww) in fish according to location and species

Location

Nanji

100

9.17 ± 7.55

6.93 ± 3.20

91.88 ± 37.62

–

138.53 ± 89.98

–

247.37 ± 128.47

(2.83–40.06)

(3.36–17.80)

(40.45–195.38)

(nd-4.94)

(34.26–401.65)

(nd-9.25)

(118.63–633.81)

Hukou

21

17.77 ± 10.85

10.09 ± 3.27

245.06 ± 75.71

-

280.53 ± 107.24

–

555.23 ± 149.92

(2.59–39.39)

(4.65–16.46)

(161.18–418.23)

(nd-3.51)

(138.05–468.58)

(nd-5.09)

(354.03–819.86)

Species

Grass carp

2.09

Pelagic

8

14.78 ± 8.02

7.69 ± 3.78

148.71 ± 99.88

–

100.32 ± 74.39

–

272.70 ± 176.95

(6.33–30.42)

(5.16–16.46)

(64.08–315.67)

(nd-3.48)

(34.26–229.46)

(nd-4.63)

(129.09–488.84)

Crucian

2.26

Demersal

8

14.58 ± 4.71

11.05 ± 1.93

193.36 ± 97.11

–

226.21 ± 20.58

–

445.40 ± 111.92

(9.35–24.23)

(7.58–14.06)

(99.42–403.74)

nd

(190.37–252.80)

nd

(354.72–687.38)

Silver carp

2.49

Pelagic

8

5.61 ± 3.56

6.51 ± 2.06

123.14 ± 54.39

–

175.76 ± 131.94

–

312.07 ± 180.23

(2.59–11.78)

(3.62–9.32)

(78.02–203.21)

(nd-3.51)

(77.19–466.78)

(nd-3.37)

(182.26–684.03)

Bighead carp

2.72

Pelagic

10

9.20 ± 3.74

6.82 ± 2.59

117.12 ± 76.85

–

131.67 ± 125.23

–

265.65 ± 199.40

(5.53–17.16)

(4.65–12.82)

(57.94–255.30)

nd

(52.64–411.28)

(nd-5.09)

(142.26–656.93)

Sharpbelly

3.07

Pelagic

38

4.49 ± 1.46

12.19 ± 5.89

66.94 ± 14.44

–

100.45 ± 8.70

–

184.28 ± 29.60

(3.55–6.17)

(6.05–17.80)

(55.34–83.11)

nd

(94.59–110.44)

nd

(161.46–217.73)

Banded catfish

3.31

Demersal

6

29.42 ± 7.14

11.45 ± 3.71

174.90 ± 14.04

–

358.32 ± 32.34

–

572.22 ± 52.70

(22.99–40.06)

(8.22–17.76)

(160.99–195.38)

nd

(315.76–401.65)

nd

(500.56–634.02)

Catfish

3.81

Demersal

13

9.01 ± 5.91

7.82 ± 2.90

146.53 ± 83.90

–

239.14 ± 110.81

–

404.69 ± 195.01

(3.17–20.85)

(4.43–12.92)

(73.66–322.51)

(nd-4.49)

(151.64–468.58)

(nd-9.25)

(249.24–819.98)

Chinese perch

3.85

Demersal

9

3.74 ± 0.48

4.71 ± 0.94

67.51 ± 18.57

–

160.97 ± 47.57

–

239.36 ± 51.69

(2.98–4.31)

(3.36–6.02)

(40.45–81.39)

nd

(102.19–222.98)

(nd-6.90)

(173.82–308.47)

Carp

3.87

Demersal

8

12.93 ± 8.88

7.08 ± 3.88

110.64 ± 72.35

–

131.04 ± 76.73

–

264.04 ± 156.02

(4.34–31.27)

(3.64–14.81)

(47.43–217.44)

(nd-4.94)

(51.40–266.35)

nd

(118.70–454.67)

Snakehead

3.96

Pelagic, Demersal

4

7.02 ± 1.55

4.67 ± 0.83

75.86 ± 9.53

–

72.48 ± 5.15

–

160.23 ± 8.14

(5.59–9.11)

(3.56–5.37)

(66.88–86.45)

nd

(65.72–77.98)

nd

(151.51–171.16)

Topmouth culter

4.41

Pelagic

9

15.61 ± 15.55

8.38 ± 2.89

184.33 ± 133.82

–

211.60 ± 143.64

–

421.01 ± 286.74

(3.52–39.39)

(5.48–12.57)

(70.17–418.23)

nd

(104.76–466.90)

(nd-4.41)

(194.09–826.25)