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Table 3 Summarized results from ecotoxicity tests on eluates from different leaching experiments on joint grouts

From: Release of substances from joint grouts based on various binder types and their ecotoxic effects

Code

Binder

n

Leaching test

Algae

LIDA

Daphnia

LIDD 48 h

Fish egg

LIDEgg

Luminescent bacteria

LIDlb

Umu

LIDEU

Ames

MOE1

ER

6

DSLT

384 to 1536

64 to 192

8 to 12**

1536 to 3072

3**

1**

MOE1

ER

1

Percolation test

3072**

256 to 512**

24 to 32**

12,288 to 16,384**

6 **

1

MOE6

ER

1*

DSLT

3072

192

16

96

 ≤ 6

1

MOE2

PB

1*

DSLT

32

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

16

 ≤ 1,5

1

MOE7

PB

5

DSLT

8 to 12

 ≤ 2 to 3

 ≤ 2***

24

 ≤ 1,5***

1***

MOE3

MC

1*

DSLT

3

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 1,5

 ≥ 2

MOE4

MC

1*

DSLT

inconsistent

4

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 1,5

2

MOE5

PU

1*

DSLT

4

3

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 1,5

1

MOE8

PU

12

DSLT

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 2

 ≤ 1,5

1

  1. Test specimens or deagglomeated particles of grouts were exposed to either DSLT or percolation test. The storage periods for test specimens varied between 7 and 28 days for DSLT. Part of the test specimens were covered by cling film during storage. The test material for the percolation test was cured and stored for 46 days before the test
  2. LID ranges represent data from independent experiments. Ames test: can also indicate cytotoxicity
  3. LID of corresponding blank samples was ≤ 2 for algae, daphnia, fish eggs and luminescent bacteria, ≤ 1.5 for umu test and 1 for Ames test
  4. * Test on algae was performed for eluates from a repeated experiment since blank sample of the first experiment was toxic toward algae, **only one eluate was tested twice, *** only one eluate was tested
  5. Abbreviations for binders: ER epoxy resin, PB polybutadiene, MC modified cement, PU polyurethane