Table 2 Selection of 21 benthic macroinvertebrate metrics included in the redundancy analysis and subsequent variance partitioning

Abundance

Total Abundance

Abund

Sum of the abundance of all taxa

[62]

Diversity

Number of Taxa

NbTaxa

Number of reported taxa

[62]

Evenness

Even

Diversity index

Sensitivity

German Fauna Index

FI

General and morphological degradation

[63]

Number of taxa of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Bivalvia and Odonata

NbEPTCBO

Number of taxa belonging to sensitive taxonomical groups

[62]

Average Score per Taxon

ASPT

Multiple degradation types

[64]

Multimetric Index

MMI

River-type specific general degradation

[65]

KLIWA Index

KLIWA

Temperature tolerance as temperature equivalent [°C]

[66, 67]

Species at Risk Index

SPEARpest

Sensitivity towards pesticide pollution

[68]

Function

Percentage of specific habitat preferences

Pel%, Psa%, Phy%, POM%

Habitat preference (pelal, psammal, phytal, particulate organic matter)

[69]

Percentage of specific feeding type preferences

Shr%, Gath%, Graz%, Fil%

Feeding preference (shredder, gatherer, grazer and filterer)

[70]

Rheoindex

RI

Stream flow preference

[71]

Index of biocoenotic regions

IBR

Preference for regions of the longitudinal river zonation

[57]

Percentage of alien species

Alien%

Alien species

[62]

Integrated

Ecological Quality Class

EQC

Ecological Quality Class

[62, 72]