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Table 5 Variation in greenhouse crop expenses due to CE policies

From: Impact of the new measures related to the circular economy on the management of agrochemical packaging in Spanish agriculture and the use of biodegradable plastics

 

A1 (€/ha·year)

A2 (€/ha·year)

∆A2 (%)

A3 (€/ha·year)

∆A2 (%)

Total variable cost (€)

42,485.4 ± 14,369.9

42,471.8 ± 14,369.9

 − 0,04 ± 0.01

44,511.1 ± 14,369.9

5.35 ± 2.04

1. Technical assessment (€)

176.9 ± 0.0

176.9 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

176.9 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

2. Soil preparation (€)

5080.2 ± 0.0

5080.2 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

5080.2 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

3. Plant waste removal

1150.5 ± 0.0

1.1505 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

1,150.5 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

4. Cover, structure and cultivation inputs

2716.7 ± 0.0

2716.7 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

4088.1 ± 0.0

50.48 ± 0.00

4.1. Plastic mulching

950.1 ± 0.0

950.1 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

4643.1 ± 0.0

388.70 ± 0.00

4.2. Subsidy for biodegradable plastic mulching

0.0 ± 0.0

0.0 ± 0.0

–

2,321.5 ± 0.0

–

4.3. Remaining cover, structure and cultivation inputs

1766.6 ± 0.0

1766.6 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

1766.6 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

5. Seeds and seedling production

3645.5 ± 2482.8

3645.5 ± 2482.8

0.00 ± 0.00

3645.5 ± 2482.8

0.00 ± 0.00

6. Labor and production inputs

29,715.7 ± 12,430.6

29,702.0 ± 12,430.6

 − 0.06 ± 0.03

30,369.9 ± 12,430.6

2.74 ± 1.59

6.1. Phytosanitary products packaging

83.5 ± 0.0

78.1 ± 0.0

 − 6.46 ± 0.00

78.1 ± 0.0

 − 6.46 ± 0.00

6.2. Bonus for reusable plastic in phytosanitary containers

0.0 ± 0.0

9.7 ± 0.0

–

9.7 ± 0.0

–

6.3. Tax on non-reusable plastic in phytosanitary containers

0.0 ± 0.0

6.7 ± 0.0

–

6.7 ± 0.0

–

6.4. Fertilizers packaging

30.4 ± 0.0

24.9 ± 0.0

 − 18.05 ± 0.00

24.9 ± 0.0

 − 18.05 ± 0.00

6.5. Bonus for reusable plastics in fertilizer containers

0.0 ± 0.0

2.3 ± 0.0

–

2.3 ± 0.0

–

6.6. Tax on non- reusable plastics in fertilizer containers

0.0 ± 0.0

2.4 ± 0.0

–

2.4 ± 0.0

–

6.7. Trellising raffia

121.8 ± 0.0

121.8 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

546.2 ± 0.0

348.48 ± 0.00

6.8. Subsidy for biodegradable plastic in raffia

0.0 ± 0.0

0.0 ± 0.0

–

360.5 ± 0.0

–

6.9. Trellising clips

145.9 ± 0.0

145.9 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

643.8 ± 0.0

341.18 ± 0.00

6.10. Subsidy for biodegradable plastic in rings

0.0 ± 0.0

0.0 ± 0.0

–

321.9 ± 0.0

–

6.11. TS for plastic spills

0.0 ± 0.0

0.0 ± 0.0

–

428.0 ± 0.0

–

6.11. Remaining labor and supplies

29,334.1 ± 12,430.6

29,334.1 ± 12,430.6

0.00 ± 0.00

29,334.1 ± 12,430.6

0.00 ± 0.00

Total fixed costs

11,248.8 ± 0.6

11,248.8 ± 0.6

0.00 ± 0.00

11,248.8 ± 0.6

0.00 ± 0.00

7. Soil maintenance

1178.8 ± 0.1

1178.8 ± 0.1

0.00 ± 0.00

1178.8 ± 0.1

0.00 ± 0.00

8. Covering and structure

2359.1 ± 0.1

2359.1 ± 0.1

0.00 ± 0.00

2359.1 ± 0.1

0.00 ± 0.00

9. Energy and fixed supplies

931.7 ± 0.0

931.7 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

931.7 ± 0.0

0.00 ± 0.00

10. Insurance, management and financial services

2051.6 ± 0.1

2051.6 ± 0.1

0.00 ± 0.00

2051.6 ± 0.1

0.00 ± 0.00

11. Equipment and irrigation system

4727.6 ± 0.3

4727.6 ± 0.3

0.00 ± 0.00

4727.6 ± 0.3

0.00 ± 0.00

Total expenses

53,734.3 ± 14,369.8

53,720.6 ± 14,369.8

− 0.03 ± 0.01

55,759.9 ± 14,369.8

4.03 ± 1.16a

  1. Source: own elaboration based on Honore et al. [53], Sayadi-Gmada et al. [69], Castillo-Díaz et al. [52], Castillo-Díaz et al. [16], Ufarte [70], Ufarte [48], García [71] and García [72]
  2. A1: conventional system; A2: Alternative 1 + tax − bonus − decrease in the cost of packaging production; A3: Alternative 2 + biodegradable plastics in raffia, rings and mulching − subsidy for biodegradable plastic. ∆A expresses the percentage increase with respect to alternative 1
  3. aAn increase in production costs of 0.02% arises if items 6.2 and 6.5 are deducted during the economic analysis performed in A2
  4. bAn increase in production costs of 9.80 arises if items 4.2, 6.8 and 6.10 are deducted during the economic analysis performed in A3