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Table 4 Evolution of emission standards for light-duty vehicles [41]

From: European road transport policy assessment: a case study for Germany

Emissions standard

Issued

Description

Euro 1

1993

Catalytic converter and electronic fuel injection mandatory for new registrations

Euro 2

1997

Limitations for petrol and diesel engines

Euro 3

2001

Obligation for On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) as an emissions diagnostics system for petrol engines (2004 for diesel)

Euro 4

2006

Adjustment of pollutant limits pave the way for diffusion of a particulate filter

Euro 5

2008

Limits tighten, the particulate filter becomes mandatory (for diesel)

Euro 6

2014

Stricter homologation and test procedures (WLTP and RDE), particulate filter for petrol cars and SCR for diesel cars

Euro 7

2025

Not issued yet (Legislative Proposal in 2022)—ammonia, methane (CNG fuels), and further regulations