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Table 11 Evaluation of low emission zones

From: European road transport policy assessment: a case study for Germany

Performance

Score

Refs.

Target achievement

 (1)

10–12% less particulate matter, equivalent to 20 fewer exceedance days

[70, 78]

 

Two-thirds of close city measurement stations exceed NOx limits

[70, 78]

 

Nearby hospitalization data show a reduction of patients and respiratory diseases

[58] [57]

Cost-efficiency

 Cars are equipped with a sticker indicating emission class. Missing sticker or wrong sticker fine is high: 80 €

[78]

 Savings in social costs are greater than upgrade costs by factor two

[3, 39, 51, 57]

Practical feasibility

 LEZ help to increase the share of vehicles with stricter emission standards due to access restrictions

 

 Costs for measurement and implementation are relatively high

[57]