From: European road transport policy assessment: a case study for Germany
Designation | Orientation | Category | EPI-Type | Regulated objective |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fuel quality directive | Fuel Producer/distributor | NM | Technology mandates | Reducing GHG intensity of fuels |
Euro norm | Vehicle producer | NM | Performance/technology standard | Limit harmful non-CO2 emissions |
Directive on mobile air conditioning systems | Vehicle producer | NM | Performance Standard | Refrigerant of light vehicles |
CO2 fleet limits | Vehicle producer | NM | Performance Standard | Limit harmful CO2 emissions for new PC and CV (after 2020 also for HDV) |
Car energy labeling | Vehicle producer/seller | NM | Labeling | PC: Visualization of energy class |
EV purchase incentive | Consumer | M | Subsidy | EV Incentive for PC and CV |
Vehicle ownership tax | Consumer | M | Tax | Vehicle-related tax |
Energy tax | Consumer | M | Tax | Fuel consumption |
CO2 tax (NEHS) | Consumer | M | Tax | Fuel consumption |
Low emission zones | Consumer | NM | Performance Standard | Harmful emissions limits for cities |
Truck toll | Consumer | M | Tax | Toll for trucks > 7.5t per km |