Integrated use of biomarkers to assess the impact of heavy metal pollution on Solea aegyptiaca fish in Lake Qarun

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Water physicochemical parameters for Lake Qarun during winter and summer seasons, 2019

Seasons	Sites	Water temperature °C	pH	Salinity ‰	DO (mg/l)
Winter	Western sector	18.02±0.08	7.62±0.08	29.51±1.03	10.08±0.20
	Northern sector	18.23 ±0.08	7.52±0.11	30.53±0.98	8.45±0.25
	Southern sector	17.20±0.48	7.91±0.09	26.54±1.44	7.62±0.16
	Eastern sector	17.80±0.10	8.22±0.11	27.30±1.04	5.20±0.10
	Mean	17.81±0.46	7.82±0.30	28.47±1.94	7.84±1.85
	Mean	B	B	B	A
Summer	Western sector	32.47±0.31	8.39±0.02	34.60±0.80	8.05±0.35
	Northern sector	32.60±0.36	8.31±0.01	35.50±0.56	7.22±0.08
	Southern sector	31.67±0.57	8.56±0.02	32.50±0.80	5.53±0.17
	Eastern sector	31.93±0.61	8.65±0.01	31.25±0.75	4.30±0.20
	Mean	32.17±0.57	8.48±0.14	33.46±1.86	6.28±1.53
	Mean	A	A	A	B
All over mean	Western sector	25.24±7.92	8.01±0.42	32.05±2.91	9.06±1.14
	Western sector	a	ab	a	a
	Northern sector	25.42±7.87	7.92±0.44	33.01±2.82	7.84±0.69
	Northern sector	a	b	a	b
	Southern sector	24.43±7.94	8.23±0.36	29.52±3.43	6.58±1.15
	Southern sector	a	ab	a	c
	Eastern sector	24.87±7.75	8.44±0.25	29.28±2.31	4.75±0.51
	Eastern sector	a	a	a	d
	P.L [160]	25–35	7–8	None	6–14

In each column, means values (mean ± SD, n = 3) with different letters have a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05), while means having the same letter in the same column are not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05). The capital letters indicate the significance between seasons, and small letters indicate significance between sites. P.L. Permissible level