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Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 4 Results of cross-sectional dependence tests results

From: Economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus in heterogeneous countries: does education matter?

Test

High-Income

Upper-Middle-Income

Lower-Middle-Income

Low-Income

Breusch-Pagan LM

5312.836***

2331.681***

6742.483***

1106.464***

Pesaran scaled LM

158.967***

103.527***

231.474***

90.561***

Pesaran CD

19.882***

18.327***

71.136***

30.291***

  1. ***indicates significance at 1% level, and a rejection of the null hypothesis of no cross-sectional dependence
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