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Table 2 In vitro and in vivo chlorophyll measurements for nanoparticles and microparticles, focusing on ErC50 values and the degree of inhibition relative to the control at each test concentration

From: Testing particles using the algal growth inhibition test (OECD 201): the suitability of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence measurements

Material

Method

ErC50

[mg/L]a

Effect [%]b

0.1

1

10

100

Fibers

Cu

In vitro

0.16 [0.07–0.34]

39

88

100

100

In vivo

0.28 [0.19–0.42]

28

76

100

100

TiO2_fibers

In vitro

1.3 [n.d.]b

10

29

100

100

In vivo

1.9 [0.7–5.1]

12

35

82

85

SiC_thin

In vitro

99.9 [29.1–315.6]

− 7

− 4

9

48

In vivo

89.4 [45.3–169.5]

− 2

4

12

53

Platelets

Ag—ES-4

In vitro

10–100

12.4

2.5

− 0.6

100

In vivo

10–100

0.1

3.9

− 1.0

100

Spheres / compact particles

PMMA

In vitro

No effect

n.i.c

− 4.9

− 1.7

− 4.8

In vivo

No effect

n.i.c

1.7

6.2

2.7

PE_broad_

distribution

In vitro

No effect

n.i.c

n.i.c

24.1

47.2

In vivo

No effect

n.i.c

n.i.c

15.5

41.4

PA-6

In vitro

No effect

n.i.c

n.i.c

− 4.8

− 6.0

In vivo

No effect

n.i.c

n.i.c

− 3.7

− 4.4

IN718

In vitro

No effect

27.9

23.5

27.0

21.2

In vivo

No effect

20.3

18.4

22.0

16.2

Ti64

In vitro

No effect

− 0.1

16.5

− 0.9

− 6.5

In vivo

No effect

1.0

4.6

1.4

− 1.5

IN-Y2O3

In vitro

No effect

n.i.c

− 13.3

− 7.3

− 22.0

In vivo

No effect

n.i.c

− 12.9

− 5.9

− 16.6

Ti64-SiC

In vitro

No effect

1.0

− 3.9

− 13.9

− 15.3

In vivo

No effect

− 1.7

− 2.3

− 6.1

− 2.5

  1. aDue to the dilution factor of 10, the ErC50 value is just a proxy for a rough assessment of ecotoxicity; values in square brackets represent confidence intervals. bMean inhibitory effect at various test concentrations; n.d. = not determinable for mathematical reasons. cn.i. = not investigated