Reducing overall herbicide use may reduce risks to humans but increase toxic loads to honeybees, earthworms and birds

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Herbicide chemical classes market share based on amounts sold, and change between 2010 vs 2019 in Austria

Chemical class	Market share 2019 (%)	Change 2010–19 (%)	R²	F-value	β1	β0	P-value
Amides and anilides	21.0	2	0.13	1.14	− 2E+ 03	4E+ 06	0.316
Carbamates and biscarbamates	0.9	− 45	0.62	12.95	− 7E+ 02	1E+ 06	0.007	↓
Phenoxy-phytohormones	7.6	− 51	0.34	4.04	− 6E+ 03	1E+ 07	0.079
Triazines and triazinones	14.2	− 27	0.53	9.10	− 7E+ 03	2E + 07	0.017	↓
Organophosphates	22.4	− 49	0.45	6.65	− 2E+ 04	4E+ 07	0.033	↓
Ureas, uracils and sulfonylureas	5.1	− 39	0.47	7.00	− 4E+ 03	8E+ 06	0.029	↓
Dinitroanilines	5.3	− 27	0.15	1.23	− 2E+ 03	3E+ 06	0.304
Benzoic acids	2.3	− 16	0.39	5.17	− 1E+ 03	2E+ 06	0.053
Diphenyl ethers	2.9	^a− 33	0.65	13.08	− 2E+ 03	4E+ 06	0.009	↓
Bipyridyliums	2.8	646	0.65	15.10	2E+ 03	− 5E+ 06	0.005	↑
Thiocarbamates	4.2	119	0.72	20.29	4E+ 03	− 8E+ 06	0.002	↑
Inorganic herbicides	5.9	187	0.67	16.55	7E+ 03	− 1E+ 07	0.004	↑
Other herbicides	5.4	− 30	0.43	6.16	− 5E+ 03	1E+ 07	0.038	↓
Total amounts	100	− 24	0.74	23.26	− 3E+ 04	7E+ 07	0.001	↓

P-values and parameters from linear models testing changes over the years. Significant P-values in bold, arrows indicate the direction of the change
^a% Change from 2011–2019, because in 2010 amounts of diphenyl ether were missing