Table 6 Example definition of Specific Protection Goals for invertebrates potentially exposed to an insecticide [105]
Ecosystem services key driver | Problem | Focal species | Entity | Attribute | Spatial scale | Temporal scale | Model type | Model output |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil invertebrates | Effects of application scenarios on populations | Eisenia fetida, Folsomia candida | Population | Abundance & biomass | In-crop | 1Â year | Spatially explicit Individual-Based Model (IBM) | Time to recovery |
Terrestrial invertebrates | Recovery of populations | Linyphyiid spiders, carabid beetle | Population | Abundance | In-field/off-field | A few years | Spatially explicit IBM | Time to recovery |
Aquatic invertebrates | Effects of time variable exposure on populations | Gammarus, Chaoborus, Daphnia | Population | Abundance | Edge of field water body | 1 to a few years | Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic and IBM | Magnitude and duration of effect |