Table 6 Example definition of Specific Protection Goals for invertebrates potentially exposed to an insecticide [105]
| Ecosystem services key driver | Problem | Focal species | Entity | Attribute | Spatial scale | Temporal scale | Model type | Model output |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Soil invertebrates | Effects of application scenarios on populations |
Eisenia fetida, Folsomia candida | Population |
Abundance & biomass | In-crop | 1 year | Spatially explicit Individual-Based Model (IBM) | Time to recovery |
| Terrestrial invertebrates | Recovery of populations | Linyphyiid spiders, carabid beetle | Population | Abundance | In-field/off-field |
A few years |
Spatially explicit IBM |
Time to recovery |
|
Aquatic invertebrates |
Effects of time variable exposure on populations |
Gammarus, Chaoborus, Daphnia | Population | Abundance |
Edge of field water body |
1 to a few years | Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic and IBM |
Magnitude and duration of effect |