Critical evaluation of the microbial turnover to biomass approach for the estimation of biogenic non-extractable residues (NER)

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Studies of various compounds with experimental bioNER quantification found in literature

Substance	Incubation time (days)	Label	Test	Method	Comment	References
2,4-D	64	¹³C	Soil	tAA		[15, 30, 31]
Ibuprofen	90	¹³C	Soil	tAA		[15, 30, 31]
Glyphosate	80	¹³C, ¹⁵ N	Sediment	tAA	Co-label C and N	[16, 32]
Bisphenol S	28	¹⁴C	Soil	Silylation	bioNER calculated from measured NER I and II	[27]
DP	84	¹⁴C	Soil	tAA	C_init 1 mg/kg	[33]
DS	84	¹⁴C	Soil	tAA	Same	[33]
DA	84	¹⁴ C	Soil	tAA	Same	[33]
Bromoxynil	120	¹³C, ¹⁴C	Soil	AAE	C_init 4 mg/kg ¹⁴C, 40 mg/kg ¹³C	[29]
Bromoxynil	32	¹³C	Soil	tAA	C_init 50 mg/kg	[33]
Bromoxynil	56	¹⁴C	Soil	tAA	C_init 16.5 mg/kg	[35]
Isoproturon	46	¹⁴C	Soil	Unique	Unique method	[28]
Isoproturon	120	¹³C, ¹⁴C	Soil	AAE	C_init 4 mg/kg ¹⁴C and 40 mg/kg ¹³C	[29]
MCPA	65	¹³C	Soil	tAA	With/out litter	[25]
Metamitron	80	¹³C	Soil	tAA		[36]
Pendimethalin (compost added)	204, 400	¹⁴C	Soil	Silylation	bioNER calculated from measured NER I and II	[26]
Sulfadiazine	121	¹³C, ¹⁴C	Soil	AAE	C_init 4 mg/kg ¹⁴C and 40 mg/kg ¹³C	[29]
Substance no. 4	120	¹⁴C	Soil	AAE	C_init 1 mg/kg	[37]

DP is dodecylphenol, DA is dodecylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, DS is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid
“AAE” means amino acid extraction by 6 M HCl and subsequent clean-up by cation exchange SPE-Dowex column; tAA (total amino acid) determination was by 6 M HCl for protein extraction and subsequent determination of selected amino acids