Table 1 Classification of R principles.
From: The Circular Economy and retail: using Deep Learning to predict business survival
Increasing circularity | |
|---|---|
Smarter product manufacture and use | |
R0 Refuse | Make product redundant by abandoning its function or by offering the same function with a radically different product |
R1 Rethink | Make product use more intensive (e.g., by sharing product) |
R2 Reduce | Increase efficiency in product manufacture or use by consuming fewer natural resources and materials |
Extend the lifespan of a product and its parts | |
R3 Reuse | Reuse by another consumer of a discarded product, which is still in good condition and fulfills its original function |
R4 Repair | Repair and maintenance of defective product so it can be used with its original function |
R5 Refurbish | Restore an old product and bring it up to date |
R6 Re-manufacture | Use parts of a discarded product in a new product with the same function |
R7 Repurpose | Process materials to obtain the same (high grade) or lower (low grade) quality |
Useful application of materials | |
R8 Recycle | Process materials to obtain the same (high grade) or lower (low grade) quality |
R9 Recover | Incineration of material with energy recovery |