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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies on the safety of GM food

From: Evaluation of adverse effects/events of genetically modified food consumption: a systematic review of animal and human studies

 

Frequency (number of studies)

Proportion (%)

Types of animals

203

 

Rat/mouse

160

78.82 a

Pig

13

6.40 a

Chick

10

4.93 a

Atlantic salmon

3

1.48 a

Drosophila melanogaster

3

1.48 a

Rabbit

3

1.48 a

Fish

3

1.48 a

Goat

2

0.99 a

Cat

1

0.49 a

Cynomolgus macaque

1

0.49 a

Frog

1

0.49 a

Monkey

1

0.49 a

Sheep

1

0.49 a

Tilapia

1

0.49 a

Types of intervention/exposure

205 e

 

GM plant food/feed

160

78.05 a

Corn/maize

52

32.50 b

Rice/brown rice/paddy rice

42

26.25 b

Soybean/soybean meal

33

20.63 b

Tomato

7

4.38 b

Plant-derived protein

6

3.75

Papaya

5

3.13 b

Canola

3

1.88 b

Cottonseed

2

1.25 b

Mixed soy and corn

1

0.63 b

Alfalfa

1

0.63 b

Chilli

1

0.63 b

European black poplar Leaves

1

0.63 b

Poplar leaf

1

0.63 b

Potato

1

0.63 b

Seed oil from Camelina sativa

1

0.63 b

Soybean oil

1

0.63 b

Sweet pepper

1

0.63 b

Wheat

1

0.63 b

GM animal food

32

15.61 a

Milk/milk powder

12

37.50 c

Animal-derived protein

6

18.75 c

Beef/beef powder

4

12.50 c

Carp

4

12.50 c

Goat milk

2

6.25 c

Mutton

2

6.25 c

Pork

2

6.25 c

GM microorganism food

13

6.34 a

Food enzyme endo-1,4-b-xylanase

7

53.85 d

Food enzyme α-amylase

2

15.38 d

Food enzyme glucose oxidase

1

7.69 d

Food enzyme pullulanase

1

7.69 d

Food enzyme aqualysin 1

1

7.69 d

Microorganism-derived protein

1

7.69 d

  1. aPercentage of the eligible studies
  2. bPercentage of studies on GM plant food
  3. cPercentage of studies on GM animal food
  4. dPercentage of studies on GM microorganism food
  5. eThere was one study involving two kinds of GM food