Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 The acute toxicity data of the studied metals and values of predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) (μg/L)

From: Risk assessment of eight metals and their mixtures to aquatic biota in sediments with diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT): a case study in Pearl River intertidal zone

Metals	Algae		Crustaceans		Fish		PNEC^b
Metals	EC50	N^a	EC50	N	EC50/LC50	N	PNEC^b
Cd	210.5	210	99.4	292	1490	35	0.099
Pb	1540	55	1941.5	28	1770	5	1.540
Ni	596	95	4389.4	81	30,000	132	0.596
Cu	120	509	70.7	936	133.8	58	0.071
Zn	738	243	913.5	286	1010	132	0.738
Co	10,378	26	7116.5	14	96,620	63	7.117
Fe	10,000	10	24,500.0	25	20,000	176	10.000
Mn	11,112	15	33,400.0	22	130,232.5	40	33.400

^aN is the numbers of toxicity data
^bPNEC is calculated based on acute toxicity data in algae, crustaceans, and fish, with the minimum level selected and then divided by the assessment factor (= 1000) [18, 38]

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