Critical discussion of the current environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) in the European Union, considering changes in animal husbandry

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 List of suggested amendments (black) to the original (gray or crossed out) values in the VMP guideline Table 3 [22], modified with recent data considering the N-reduced feeding strategies

Animal type	Number of animals raised per place per year	Average body weight (kg)	Nitrogen produced per year per place (kg N y⁻¹)			Housing factor	Pasture-to-stable ratio
Animal type	Number of animals raised per place per year	Average body weight (kg)	VMP-GL^a	Chamber of Agriculture NRW^b	Authors’ suggestion for updated values	Housing factor	Pasture-to-stable ratio
Calf (0–6 months)	2	150	10	22	16	1	< 1
Dairy cow	1	550	60	91	75.5	0.5	< 1
Cattle ( > 0.5 y)	1	300	28	70	49	0.5	1
Weaner pig (to 25 kg)	6.9	13.2	2.25	3.8	3.0	1	1
Fattening pig (25–125 kg)	3	65	7.5	12.2	9.9	1	1
Sow (with litter)	1	280	26	27.3	26.7	1	1
Boar (25–125 kg)	1	65	–	22.1^c	22.1^c	1	1
Broiler	9	1	0.23	0.39	0.3	1	1
Laying hen	1	1.6	0.35	0.76	0.56	1	< 1
Replacement layer	2.6	0.8	0.24	0.27	0.26	1	1
Broiler breeder	1	1.7	0.69		0.69	1	1
Turkey	2.7	6.5	0.9	1.34	1.12	1	1
Duck	7	1.6	0.41	0.61	0.51	1	< 1
Horse	1	400	35	53.6	44.3	0.5	< 1
Dairy goat	1	40	–	15.2^d	15.2	1	< 1
Dairy sheep	1	70^e	–	20.1^f	20.1	1	< 1
Rabbit	8	1.4	0.352	0.7	0.53	1	1

^aVMP guideline [22]
^bData were obtained from the Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia [29] unless indicated otherwise
^cData were taken from [108,109,110,111]
^dData were taken from [112]
^eData were taken from Liesegang et al. 2007 [113]
^fData were obtained from the Chamber of Agriculture of Lower Saxony [114]