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Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Proportion of herd or flock treatments for various groups of VMPs of the EMA guideline, with suggestions for an update

From: Critical discussion of the current environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) in the European Union, considering changes in animal husbandry

Product group Herd treatment (%) Recommended actions Reference(s)a
Anthelmintics 100 Data collection and update required [96]
Products for the treatment of diarrhea in calves, lambs, and pigs (excluding products administered in feed and water) 30 –  
Coccidiostats 100 Data collection and update required [97]
Ectoparasiticides 100 Data collection and update required [98]
Intramammary preparations:    
 For drying-off 100 Change “100%” to “75%” herd treatment; data collection and update required [99,100,101]
 In lactating animals 25 Data collection and update required [80,81,82,83]
Antibiotics (feed and water medication) 100 Change “feed and water” to “feed or water”; data collection and update required [102]
Antibiotics injectable:    
 All pig treatments 50 Data collection and update required  
respiratory infections in cattle 50 Data collection and update required  
Foot rot in sheep 100 Change “foot rot in sheep” to “footbath”; data collection and update required [103,104,105]
   Add: pain medication, the proportion of herd treatment is dependent on the indication (50% for castration or 100% for disbudding in genetic non-hornless herds) [94, 106]
Teat dip and sprays 100   
All products for poultry 100   
All products for fish 100   
  1. aActivities or strategies that lead to suggested change of the level of herd treatment
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