Development of mass and heat transfer coupled model of hollow fiber membrane for salt recovery from brine via osmotic membrane distillation

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Comparative analysis of the present work with literature

Feed	Crystal product	Membrane	Pore size (μm)	Operating conditions	Water flux (L m⁻² h⁻¹)	Ref.
NaCl solution	NaCl	PVDF	0.0082	NaCl concentration: 250 g L⁻¹ Temp: 20 °C NaCl solution flowrate: 9.44 m³ h⁻¹	0.86–2.77	[14]
Solution with NaCl, CaCl₂, MgCl₂ and MgSO₄	NaCl and MgSO₄.7H₂O	PP	0.2	NaCl concentration: 50–350 kg m⁻³ Temp: 40 °C	0.25–0.45	[7]
Solution with NaCl, CaCO3, Na₂CO₃ and MgSO₄	NaCl, CaCO3, Na2CO₃ and MgSO₄	PP	0.2	Brine concentration: 68–215 g L⁻¹ Feed temp: 35 °C Feed flowrate: 75–532 m³ hr⁻¹	–	[43]
Solution of NaCl	NaCl	PVDF	–	NaCl concentration: 264 g L⁻¹ Temp: 40–70 °C NaCl solution Flow velocity: 0.5 m s⁻¹	0.8–8.4	[44]
Na₂SO₄ solution	Na₂SO₄	PVDF	0.22	Na₂SO₄ concentration: 284 g L⁻¹ Temp: 40–70 °C Na₂SO₄ solution flow velocity: 0.057 m s⁻¹	1.9–11.87	[45]
Na₂CO₃ solution	Na₂CO₃	PP	0.04	Na₂CO₃ concentration: 50–200 g L⁻¹ Temp: 40–70 °C Na₂CO₃ solution flowrate: 0.0012–0.003 m³ h⁻¹	0.027–0.151	Present work