Environmental fate of tetracycline antibiotics: degradation pathway mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Pure microbial strains degrading tetracycline

	Microbial strain	Initial TC concentration¹ (mg L⁻¹)	pH	Temperature (°C)	% degradation	Degradation pathway	Reference
Pure bacterial cultures	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DT1	50	9	30	89	Denitromethylation, decarbonylation, deamination	[17]
	Sphingobacterium sp. strain PM2‐P1‐29	20	7	30	50	Not reported	[80]
	Klebsiella sp. strain TR5	200	7	28	90	Oxidation, hydrolysis ring-opening, decarbonylation, deamination, demethylation	[18]
	Bacillus sp. TD-1 Shewanella sp. TD-4 Shewanella sp. TD-5	100	7.2	37	98.89 94.96 97.60	Not reported	[81]
Pure fungal cultures	Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans XPY-10	200–800	7	30	89.61	Epimerization, dehydration, proton-transfer pathway	[82]