Table 7 Comparison of heavy metal concentration and crustal average values obtained in this study with other coastal regions in India and around the world
Study area | Fe | Mn | Cu | Pb | Cd | Ni | Cr | Zn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present study | 52,802 | 686.1 | 290.3 | 54.7 | 1.2 | 27.7 | 14.1 | 252.9 |
Average crustal [39] | 56,300 | 950 | 55 | 12.5 | 0.2 | 75 | 100 | 70 |
Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal [17] | 7,144 | – | 76.45 | 49.629 | 19.8 | 27.984 | 109.45 | 78.76 |
Southeast coast of India [92] | 2,780 | 543 | 6.7 | 19.7 | – | 50.7 | 191.3 | 58.7 |
Van Island, Gulf of Mannar, India [93] | 31,219 | 163 | 57.81 | 348.4 | – | 110.04 | 108.73 | 52.5 |
Koswari Island, Gulf of Mannar [18] | 30,988 | 147 | 54.2 | 496.7 | – | 92.7 | 67.5 | 16.9 |
Off Chennai, India [52] | 15,032 | – | 113.2 | 325 | – | 51.2 | 200.1 | 123.9 |
Cuddalore, SE coast of India [21] | 10,982 | 291 | 40 | 33.9 | – | 39.2 | 127 | 37.7 |
Palk Strait, southeast coast of India [94] | 55,680 | 661 | 69 | 19 | 0.4 | 27 | 302 | 244 |
Parangipettai coast, India [95] | 11,804 | 45 | 30.6 | 30.12 | – | 25.2 | 77.8 | 44.7 |
Arabian Gulf coast [96] | 4,100 | 120 | 18 | 12 | – | 6 | 130 | 46 |
Tuticorin Coast, India [97] | 28,717 | 330 | 52 | 42 | – | 30 | 15 | 247 |
South Port Klang, Malaysia [98] | - | 219.1 | 24.89 | 96.02 | 1.46 | 13.9 | 60.19 | 72.2 |
East Coast of India [23] | 85,800 | – | 140.14 | – | – | 81.76 | 133.22 | – |
Tuticorin Coast [24] | 28,717 | – | 52 | 42 | 0.2 | 75 | 15 | 247 |
Bay of Bengal, off Ennore [60] | 27,200 | – | 506.2 | 32.36 | 6.58 | 38.61 | 194.8 | 126.8 |
Southwest coast of Spain [99] | 35,300 | 569 | 336 | 197 | 2.5 | 50 | 92 | 649 |
Pitchavaram Mangrove region [63] | 32,482 | 941 | 43.4 | 11.2 | 6.6 | 62 | 141.2 | 93 |